What Are Electromagnetic Waves?

　　Electromagnetic waves are waves that we can't see but are composed of electromagnetic energy. Since this energy or the force of electric and magnetic fields will change in time and space, they are called waves.

　　But how are these electromagnetic waves formed? Dipoles can be used to change the direction of current and force. When the force on the dipole is at its highest point, a magnetic field is generated around it. The magnetic field has the same direction as the current.

　　In one oscillation, the current completely drops to zero twice, which means that the charge carriers in the dipole accumulate at the respective ends, and the electric field lines move from the positive end to the negative end.

　　If the dipole reverses, the electric field weakens and the magnetic field increases. This means that alternating magnetic and electrical vibrations will be generated, and sometimes alternating electromagnetic fields will be generated. In addition, this alternating electromagnetic field can even be separated from its dipole, which means it travels at the speed of light. This is where electromagnetic waves appear.

　　There are many types of electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, cell phone radiation, and even light. These can be described with characteristics very similar to waves in the water as:

　　wavelength

　　Period: the time interval between one wave and the next

　　Reflection: Electromagnetic waves can be reflected by the surface

　　Refraction: It is said that electromagnetic waves break when they travel from one medium to another, and then refraction occurs.

　　Diffraction: If waves encounter obstacles as they propagate, they will continue to propagate. This is called wave diffraction.

　　Interference: Two different electromagnetic waves can cross and interfere with each other.